Generalized subcutaneous emphysema caused by concurrent cricoid cartilage fracture and cricotracheal detachment in a German shepherd dog

A dog was presented with history of progressive generalized subcutaneous emphysema and exercise intolerance secondary to dog fight. Radiographic evaluation confirmed extensive subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum and pneumoretroperitoneum. Surgical exploration revealed cricoid cartilage longitudinal fracture and cricotracheal detachment. The fractured cartilage was sutured and the cricoid cartilage and trachea was approximated using interrupted sutures. Concurrent cricoid cartilage fracture and cricotracheal detachment has not been reported in veterinary literature, which should be considered in any case of subcutaneous emphysema secondary to extrinsic laryngeal trauma

[Congenital persistent urachus, urethral obstruction and uroperitoneum in a calf]

Persistent patent urachus with other accompanying anomalies like urethral obstruction and uroperitonium quickly deteriorates animal conditions which necessitate prompt surgical intervention and animal salvage. A 10-day-old calf was referred to clinic with mildly distended abdomen, history of umbilical dribbling and no signs of normal urination since birth. On clinical laboratory results and ancillary tests persistent patent urachus complicated with imperforated urethra and uroabdomen was diagnosed. After abdominocentesis under ultrasonography, exploratory laparotomy was performed. Persistent urachus was removed and attempts failed to insert a catheter into urethra. Then, a Foley catheter was placed into bladder and passed through subcutaneous tissues and exited lateral to the umbilical region from skin. The calf voided via the catheter right after standing up and showed clinical improvement for the two months after-discharge follow up

healing effect of bioglue in articular cartilage defect of femoral condyle in experimental rabbit model

The full-thickness articular cartilage defects of knee have a poor healing capacity that may progress to osteoarthritis and need a knee replacement. This study determines the healing effect of bioglue in full-thickness articular cartilage defect of femoral condyle in rabbit. Forty-eight male rabbits were randomly divided into four equal groups. In group A, 4 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles. Then a graft from xiphoid cartilage was transferred into the defect together with a designed bioglue and the knees were closed. In group B, an articular cartilage defect was created identical to group A, but the defect size was 6 mm. In group C, 4 and 6 mm articular cartilage defects were created in the right and left medial femoral condyles respectively. The graft was transferred into the defect and the knees were stitched. In group D, articular cartilage defects were created similar to group C, just filled with bioglue and closed. The rabbits were euthanized and subgroups were defined as A1, B1, C1 and D1 after 30 days and A2, B2, C2 and D2 after 60 days. The cartilages were macroscopically and histologically investigated for any changes. Microscopic and macroscopic investigations showed that bioglue had a significant healing effect in the femoral condyle. Addition of bioglue can effectively promote the healing of articular cartilage defects

Comparison of the effects of different doses of acepromazine-xylazine on the electrocardiogram in dogs

Seventy seven adult large mixed breed dogs of either sex were included in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups and received the following drug combinations intramuscularly: Group 1 xylazine [0.5 mg/kg] and acepromazine [0.05 mg/kg], Group 2 xylazine [0.8 mg/kg] and acepromazine [0.03 mg/kg], Group 3 xylazine [0.3 mg/kg] and acepromazine [0.08 mg/kg] and Group 4 xylazine [0.5 mg/kg] acepromazine [0.05 mg/kg] and atropine [0.04 mg/kg]. Results showed no significant differences in the P-wave and QRS complex durations, PR interval and R waves among the 4 groups. QT interval significantly decreased following drug administration in group 4 compared to groups 1 [P = 0.03] and 3 [P = 0.004]. There were significant increases in the QT interval in groups 1 [P = 0.001] and 3 [P = 0.01] after drug injections. Heart rate [HR] significantly decreased in groups 1, 2 and 3 after drug injections [P = 0.004, 0.01 and 0.03, respectively]. There was a significant negative correlation between HR, PR and QT intervals, and a positive correlation between HR and P-wave amplitude. There were no significant differences between all groups in the incidence of first and second degree AV blocks

Cast immobilization for treatment of dorsally subluxated proximal interphalangeal joint in a Thoroughbred mare

Subluxation of the proximal interphalangeal joint [PIPJ or pastern joint] is an uncommon condition that occurs in the forelimb or hindlimb. Thoroughbred racehorses rarely show dorsal pastern subluxation [Thoroughbred ringbone] secondarily to an injury to the soft tissues supporting the fetlock. A 4-year-old Thoroughbred mare was presented with signs of lameness, swelling of the dorsal aspect of the pastern region of the right forearm and audible clicking sound when weight was placed on the limb. The condition seemed to have been developed as a consequence of extreme overexertion 4 days before referral. Radiographic examination of a non-weight bearing limb showed dorsal subluxation of the pastern joint. Under general anesthesia the affected limb was immobilized by cast after reduction of the luxated bone into the PIPJ. The affected limb was kept immobilized for four weeks. Then the cast was removed and the animal was given rest for two months. Consequently, weight bearing on the affected limb was improved and no signs of lameness were observed after six months

[Effect of orally administered ivermectin on some blood haematological and biochemical factors in donkeys [Eqqus asinus]]

Five healthy adult male Iranian donkeys [Equus asinus] were selected and Ivermectin [0.2,0.6 and 0.9 mg/kg, orally at different times] for 14 days was administered. Before dosing, control blood samples were taken on day 0. Blood samples were taken on days 1,2,3,7 and 14 following ivermectin administration at different doses. The results showed that the activity of serum AST and LDH increased on days 7 and 14 following ivermectin [0.2, 0.6 and 0.9 mg/kg, orally] administration [p<0.05]. ALP activity and BUN concentration increased significantly on day 14 following ivermectin [0.2, 0.6 and 0.9 mg/kg, orally] administration [p<0.05]. Changes of ablumin, creatinin,glucose, total protein, Phosphorous and calcium concentrations and hemoglobin, PCV, MCH, MCHC, MCV and percentages of neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelet numbers were not significant [p>0.05]. As it was shown in short term, no abnormal clinical and laboratory findings were detected following different oral doses of ivermectin and it seems that the drug can be safely administered to this species